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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 120(11): e20230045, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520149

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento O infarto agudo do miocárdio é uma das principais causas de mortalidade em todo o mundo e a formação de placa aterosclerótica é o principal mecanismo fisiopatológico, que resulta em inflamação crônica e induz a maturação eritrocitária, podendo causar aumento no índice de amplitude de distribuição dos glóbulos vermelhos (RDW). Objetivo Avaliar o papel do índice de anisocitose em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio em ambos os tipos de infarto como preditor de gravidade. Métodos Os pacientes foram incluídos no estudo de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, seguindo a rotina hospitalar baseada na história clínica e laboratorial. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas de acordo com cada variável. Chegou-se a todas as conclusões considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Durante o período de acompanhamento, nos 349 pacientes analisados, a taxa de mortalidade esteve associada às variáveis RDW (CV) e RDW (SD). Nos pacientes que foram a óbito, notou-se aumento, conforme demonstrado no modelo multivariado, nos efeitos de um infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST e RDW, ajustado para fatores de confusão (valor-p = 0,03 e 0,04). Em contrapartida, o número total de eritrócitos (valor-p = 0,00) e hemoglobina (valor-p = 0,03) apresentou diminuição durante a internação de pacientes graves. Conclusão O índice de anisocitose foi fator preditivo de mortalidade e pode ser utilizado como indicador de pior prognóstico em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio.


Abstract Background Acute myocardial infarction is a major cause of mortality worldwide, and atherosclerotic plaque formation is the main pathophysiological mechanism, which results in chronic inflammation that induces erythrocyte maturation and may cause an increase in the red cell distribution width (RDW) index. Objective Evaluate the role of the anisocytosis index in patients with acute myocardial infarction in both types of infarctions as a predictor of severity. Methods Patients were included in the study according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, following the hospital routine based on their clinical and laboratory history. Statistical analyzes were performed according to each variable. All conclusions were drawn considering the significance level of 5%. Results During the follow-up period, in the 349 patients analyzed, the mortality rate was associated with the variables RDW (CV) and RDW (SD), in those patients who died, an increase was noted, as demonstrated in the multivariate model, for the effects of an acute ST elevation myocardial infarction and the RDW, adjusted for confounding factors (p-value = 0.03 and 0.04). In contrast, the total number of erythrocytes (p-value = 0.00) and hemoglobin (p-value = 0.03) showed a decrease during severe patients' hospitalization. Conclusion The anisocytosis index was a predictive factor of mortality and can be used as an indicator of worse prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

2.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449239

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Dengue is a global and growing health threat, especially in Southeast Asia, West Pacific and South America. Infection by the dengue virus (DENV) results in dengue fever, which can evolve to severe forms. Cytokines, especially interferons, are involved in the immunopathogenesis of dengue fever, and so may influence the disease outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between severe forms of dengue and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interferon-gamma gene (IFNG): A256G (rs2069716) and A325G (rs2069727). We included 274 patients infected with DENV serotype 3: 119 cases of dengue without warning signs (DWoWS), and 155 with warning signs (DWWS) or severe dengue (SD). DNA was extracted, and genotyped with Illumina Genotyping Kit or real time PCR (TaqMan probes). We estimated the adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) by multivariate logistic regression models. When comparing with the ancestral AA/AA diplotype (A256G/A325G), we found a protective association of the AA/AG against DWWS/SD among patients with secondary dengue (OR 0.51; 95% IC 0.24-1.10, p = 0.085), adjusting for age and sex. The variant genotype at locus A325G of the IFNG, in combination with the ancestral genotype at locus A256G, can protect against severe clinical forms of secondary dengue in Brazilian DENV3-infected patients.

3.
ABCS health sci ; 47: e022204, 06 abr. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1363533

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Kidney transplantation (KT) is the renal replacement therapy (RRT) of choice for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, not every KT is successful and some patients persist on RRT. OBJECTIVE: To model a logistic regression with pre- and post-KT risk covariates capable of predicting secondary allograft dysfunction in need of RRT or reaching stage V of CKD until the first six months post-KT. METHODS: Cohort with KT recipients from Northeastern Brazil. Medical records of KT performed between 2011-2018 were analyzed. KT-recipients with insufficient data or who abandoned follow-up were excluded. The covariables analyzed were: demographic; infectious; pre- and post-KT comorbidities; panel reactive-antibodies; number of HLA mismatches; acute rejection episodes mediated by T-cell (ACR) or antibodies (AAR) six months after KT; and laboratory tests six months after KT. RESULTS: Covariates with higher risk for the analyzed outcomes six months after KT were: elderly KT recipients (OR:1.41; CI95%:1.01-1.99), time between onset of RRT and KT (ΔT-RRT&KT)>10years (OR:3.54; CI95%:1.27-9.87), diabetes mellitus (DM) pre-KT (OR:3.35; CI95%:1.51-7.46), pyelonephritis (OR:2.45; CI95%:1.24-4.84), polyomavirus nephropathy (OR:4.99; CI95%:1.87-13.3), AAS (OR:4.82; CI95%:1.35-17.2), 24h-proteinuria ≥300mg/24h (OR:5.05; CI95%:2.00-12.7) and serum calcium (Ca) <8.5mg/dL (OR:4.72; CI95%:2.00-11.1). The multivariate model presented an accuracy of 88.1% and the mean variance inflation factor is 1.81. CONCLUSION: Elderly-recipients, ΔT-RRT&KT>10 years, pre-KT DM, and post-KT aggressions until six months (pyelonephritis, polyomavirus nephropathy, ABMR, 24h-proteinuria≥300mg/24h, and Ca<8.5mg/dL) are associated with high predictive power for secondary allograft dysfunction in need of RRT or reaching CKD stage V until the first six months post-KT.


INTRODUÇÃO: Transplante renal (TR) é a terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) de escolha para pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC). Entretanto, nem todo TR é bem-sucedido e alguns pacientes persistem em TRS. OBJETIVO: Modelar uma regressão logística com covariáveis de risco pré e pós-TR preditora da disfunção secundária do aloenxerto com necessidade de TRS ou alcance ao estágio V da DRC até os primeiros seis meses pós-TR. MÉTODOS: Coorte com receptores transplantados realizado em hospital no Nordeste brasileiro. Analisou-se registros médicos dos TR realizados entre 2011-2018. Receptores com dados insuficientes ou que abandonaram seguimento foram excluídos. Foram analisadas covariáveis: demográficas; infecciosas; comorbidades pré e pós-TR; painel de reatividade; incompatibilidades de HLA; episódios de rejeições agudas mediadas por células-T ou por anticorpos; exames laboratoriais seis meses pós-TR. RESULTADOS: Receptores idosos (OR:1,41; IC95%:1,01-1,99), tempo entre início da TRS e TR (∆T-TRS&TR)>10 anos (OR:3,54; IC95%:1,27-9,87), diabetes mellitus (DM) pré-TR (OR:3,35; IC95%:1,51-7,46), pielonefrite (OR:2,45; IC95%:1,24-4,84), nefropatia por poliomavírus (OR:4,99; IC95%:1,87-13,3), RAMA (OR:4,82; IC95%:1,35-17,2), proteinúria de 24h (Pt24h) ≥300mg/24h (OR:5,05; IC95%:2,00-12,7) e cálcio sérico (Ca)<8,5mg/dL (OR:4,72; IC95%:2,00-11,1) foram identificadas como covariáveis de maior risco para os desfechos analisados até seis meses pós-TR. O modelo multivariado apresentou acurácia de 88,1% e fator de inflação da variância médio de 1,81. CONCLUSÃO: Receptores idosos, ∆T-TRS&TR>10anos, DM pré-TR e agressões até seis meses pós-TR (pielonefrite, nefropatia por poliomavírus, RAMA, Pt24h≥300mg/24h e Ca<8,5mg/dL), apresentam alto poder preditivo para disfunção secundária do aloenxerto com necessidade de TRS ou alcance ao estágio V da DRC até os primeiros seis meses pós-TR.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Risk Factors , Kidney Transplantation , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Allografts , Proteinuria , Pyelonephritis , Logistic Models , Retrospective Studies , Renal Dialysis , Immunosuppression Therapy , BK Virus , Disease Progression , Hypocalcemia
4.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 68(1): 19-23, Jan. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360714

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the association between orthostatic changes in blood pressure and mortality in elderly cardiopath patients. METHODS: A cohort of 455 elderly cardiopath patients, monitored at a referral outpatient cardiology clinic in Pernambuco, Brazil, from October 2015 to July 2018. The exposure groups were formed according to their orthostatic changes in blood pressure following the requirements of the Brazilian Guidelines for Hypertension. RESULTS: Orthostatic hypotension was present in 46 patients (10.1%), 91 had orthostatic hypertension (20%), and 318 had no orthostatic alterations (69.9%). There were 52 deaths during follow-up. The results demonstrated that there was no statistically significant association between orthostatic hypotension and overall mortality (HR 1.30; 95%CI 0.53-3.14; p=0.567) nor between orthostatic hypertension and overall mortality (HR 0.95; 95%CI 0.65-1.39; p=0.34). Survival in relation to the exposure groups presented no statistically significant difference (p=0.504). CONCLUSION: There was a low frequency of orthostatic hypotension and a mild high frequency of orthostatic hypertension when compared with previous studies, and no association was observed with overall mortality or with the survival time of elderly patients with heart disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Heart Diseases , Hypertension , Hypotension, Orthostatic/diagnosis , Blood Pressure , Blood Pressure Determination
5.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 34(4): 383-392, July-Aug. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286828

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in women and the accuracy of currently available risk scores is questionable. Objective To reclassify the risk estimated by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in asymptomatic middle-aged women by incorporating family history, exercise testing variables, and subclinical atherosclerosis markers. Methods This cross-sectional study included 509 women (age range, 46-65 years) without cardiovascular symptoms. Those at low or intermediate risk by the FRS were reclassified to a higher level considering premature family history of acute myocardial infarction and/or sudden death; four variables from exercise testing; and two variables related to subclinical atherosclerosis markers. The homogeneity of these variables according to the FRS was verified by Pearson chi-square test (p<0.05). Results According to the FRS, 80.2%, 6.2%, and 13.6% of the women were classified as low (<5%), intermediate (5-10%), and high (>10%) risks, respectively. The intermediate-risk stratum showed the highest increase (from 6.2% to 33.3%) with addition of family history; followed by addition of chronotropic index <80% (to 24.2%); functional capacity <85% (22.2%), coronary calcium score >0 (20.6%); decreased one-minute heart rate recovery ≤12 bpm (15.2%); carotid intima-media thickness >1 mm and/or carotid plaque (13.8%) and ST-segment depression (9.0%). The high-risk stratum increased to 14.4% with the addition of reduced heart rate recovery and to 17.1% with the coronary calcium score. Conclusion Incorporation of premature family history of cardiovascular events, exercise testing abnormal parameters, and subclinical atherosclerosis markers into the FRS led to risk reclassification in 3.0-29.7% of asymptomatic middle-aged women, mainly by an increase from low to intermediate risk.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Heredity , Atherosclerosis/diagnosis , Exercise Test , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Death, Sudden , Organ Dysfunction Scores , Myocardial Infarction/genetics
6.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 33(4): 380-388, July-Aug. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134381

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The presence of nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) and increases in mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in peripheral circulation are associated with poorer prognosis in patients with acute coronary disease. Objective: We developed a scoring system for in-hospital surveillance of all-cause mortality using hematological laboratory parameters in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Patients admitted for AMI were recruited in this prospective study. Exclusion criteria were age younger than 18 years, glucocorticoid therapy, cancer or hematological diseases and readmissions. NRBCs, MPV and NLR were measured during hospitalization. The scoring system was developed in three steps: first, the magnitude of the association of clinical and laboratory parameters with in-hospital mortality was measured by odds ratio (OR), second, a multivariate logistic regression model was conducted with all variables significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the outcome, and third, a β-coefficient was estimated by multivariate logistic regression with hematological parameters with a p < 0.05. Results: A total of 466 patients (mean age were 64.2 ± 12.8 years, 61.6% male) were included in this study. A hematological scoring system ranging from 0 to 49, where higher values were associated with higher risk of in-hospital death. The best performance was registered for a cut-off value of 26 with sensitivity of 89.1% and specificity of 67.2%, positive predictive value of 26.8% (95% CI: 0.204 - 0.332) and negative predictive value of 97.9% (95% CI: 0.962 - 0.996). The area under the curve for the scoring system was 0.868 (95% CI: 0.818 - 0.918). Conclusions: Here we propose a hematological scoring system for surveillance tool during hospitalization of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Based on total blood count parameters, the instrument can evaluate inflammation and hypoxemia due to in-hospital complications and, consequently, predict in-hospital mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Severity of Illness Index , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Hospital Mortality , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Prognosis , Biomarkers , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Erythrocytes , Mean Platelet Volume/methods , Myocardial Infarction/mortality
7.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 24(1): 65-72, Feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089327

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has modified the outcome of patients with HIV infection, providing virological control and reducing mortality. However, there are several reasons as to why patients may discontinue their antiretroviral therapy, with adverse events being one of the main reasons reported in the literature. This is a case-control nested in a cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS, conducted to identify the incidence of ART modification due to adverse events and the associated factors, in two referral services in Recife, Brazil, between 2011 and 2014. Of the modifications occurred in the first year of ART, 25.7% were driven by adverse events. The median time elapsed between initiating ART and the first modification due to adverse events was 70.5 days (95% CI: 26-161 days). The main adverse events were dermatological, neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal. Dermatological events were the earliest to appear after initiating ART. Efavirenz was the most prescribed and most modified drug during the study period. The group of participants who used zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz had a 2-fold greater chance (adjusted OR: 2.16 95% CI: 1.28-3.65) of switching ART due to adverse events when compared to the group that used tenofovir with lamivudine and efavirenz.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects , Time Factors , Brazil , Zidovudine/adverse effects , Logistic Models , Risk Factors , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/mortality , Ritonavir/adverse effects , Lamivudine/adverse effects , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects , Benzoxazines/adverse effects , Drug Combinations , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Lopinavir/adverse effects , Tenofovir/adverse effects
8.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 36(11): e00228220, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1142621

ABSTRACT

Resumo: A pandemia de COVID-19 iniciou sua linha do tempo em 31 de dezembro de 2019 na China e o SARS-CoV-2 identificado como agente etiológico. O objetivo deste manuscrito é descrever a dinâmica espacial e temporal da epidemia de COVID-19 nos primeiros cem dias, no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Apresentamos a evolução de casos e óbitos segundo semana epidemiológica. Realizamos a análise da série do acumulado diário de casos da COVID-19 confirmados, com projeções para os 15 dias subsequentes, utilizando o aplicativo JoinPoint. Esse programa possibilita identificar pontos de inflexão testando sua significância estatística. Analisamos também a tendência de interiorização da COVID-19 no estado, considerando a distribuição percentual de casos ocorridos no Recife, municípios da Região Metropolitana de Recife e do interior, por conjuntos de três semanas, com construção de mapas temáticos. Os 100 dias da epidemia de COVID-19 resultaram em 52.213 casos e 4.235 óbitos entre 12 de março, correspondendo se 11, até 20 de junho de 2020 (semana epidemiológica 25). O pico da curva epidêmica ocorreu na semana epidemiológica 21 (23 de maio), seguido por desaceleração do número de casos. Detectou-se, inicialmente, a periferização dos casos na capital e região metropolitana, seguida por rápida disseminação para o interior do estado. Houve redução das taxas de crescimento médio diário a partir de abril, mas com patamar de mais de 6.000 casos semanais de COVID-19, em média. Ao final do período, a série de casos do estado indica persistência da circulação e transmissão comunitária do SARS-CoV-2. Finalmente, questiona-se parafraseando Garcia Marques em Cem Anos de Solidão, se estaríamos diante de "uma estiagem ou prenúncio de recrudescimento".


Resumen: La pandemia de COVID-19 inicia su línea del tiempo el 31 de dicembre de 2019 en China y el SARS-CoV-2 identificado como agente etiológico. El objetivo de este trabajo original es describir la dinámica espacial y temporal de la epidemia de COVID-19 en los primeros cien días de epidemia, en el estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Presentamos la evolución de casos y óbitos según las semanas epidemiológicas. Realizamos el análisis de la serie del acumulado diario de casos de COVID-19 confirmados, con proyecciones para los 15 días subsiguientes, utilizándose la aplicación JoinPoint. Este programa posibilita identificar puntos de inflexión, probando su significancia estadística. Analizamos también la tendencia de interiorización de la COVID-19 en el estado, considerándose la distribución porcentual de casos ocurridos en Recife, municipios de la Región Metropolitana de Recife y del interior, por conjuntos de tres semanas, con unas construcciones de mapas temáticos. Los cien días de la epidemia de COVID-19 resultaron en 52.213 casos y 4.235 óbitos entre el 12 de marzo, correspondiendo a la semana epidemiológica 11, hasta el 20 de juno de 2020 (semana epidemiológica 25). El pico de la curva epidémica ocurrió en la semana epidemiológica 21 (23 de mayo), seguido de una desaceleración en el número de casos. Se detectó, inicialmente, la periferización de los casos en la capital y región metropolitana, seguido por la rápida diseminación hacia el interior del estado. Hubo una reducción de las tasas de crecimiento medio diario a partir de abril, pero con un nivel de más de 6.000 casos semanales de COVID-19 de media. Al final del período la serie de casos del estado indica la persistencia de la circulación y transmisión comunitaria del SARS-CoV-2. Finalmente, se cuestiona, parafraseando a García Márquez en Cien Años de Soledad, si estamos ante "un periodo de remisión o la antesala de un recrudecimiento".


Abstract: The timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic began on December 31, 2019, in China, with SARS-CoV-2 identified as the etiological agent. This article aims to describe the COVID-19 epidemic's spatial and temporal dynamics in the first hundred days in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. We present the evolution in cases and deaths according to epidemiological weeks. We analyzed the series of accumulated daily confirmed COVID-19 cases, with projections for the subsequent 15 days, using the JoinPoint app. This software allows identifying turning points, testing their statistical significance. We also analyze the trend in the spread of COVID-19 to the interior of the state, considering the percent distribution of cases in the state capital, Recife, municipalities in Greater Metropolitan Recife, and the state's interior, by sets of three weeks, constructing thematic maps. The first hundred days of the COVID-19 epidemic resulted in 52,213 cases and 4,235 deaths from March 12, or epidemiological week 11, until June 20, 2020 (epidemiological week 25). The peak in the epidemic curve occurred in epidemiological week 21 (May 23), followed by deceleration in the number of cases. We initially detected the spread of cases from the city center to the periphery of the state capital and Metropolitan Area, followed by rapid spread to the state's interior. There was a decrease in the mean daily growth starting in April, but with an average threshold of more than 6,000 weekly cases of COVID-19. At the end of the period, the state's case series indicates the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 circulation and community transmission. Finally, paraphrasing Gabriel Garcia Marques in One Hundred Years of Solitude, we ask whether we are facing "a pause in the storm or a sign of redoubled rain".


Subject(s)
Humans , COVID-19 , Brazil/epidemiology , China/epidemiology , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2
9.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(10): 3815-3824, Oct. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039488

ABSTRACT

Resumo Esse artigo analisa o conhecimento, atitudes e práticas sobre tuberculose de agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) no Recife, município com altas taxas de incidência e de abandono do tratamento no Brasil. O estudo transversal foi conduzido em uma amostra representativa dos ACS utilizando questionário padronizado. Descreveram-se as frequências das variáveis referentes ao conhecimento, atitudes e práticas e analisou-se a associação do conhecimento satisfatório e práticas adequadas com características dos ACS. Dos 401 ACS elegíveis, 385 (96,0%) foram entrevistados. A maioria era composta por mulheres (87,5%), com idade ≥ 40 anos (66,0%) e desempenhando a função há mais de nove anos (74,5%). Um percentual de 61,7% tinha conhecimento satisfatório e esse conhecimento (75,8%) esteve associado às práticas adequadas (p = 0,008). Quanto às atitudes, 97,1% dos ACS acreditavam estar sob risco de contrair tuberculose e 53,2% atribuíram o risco à função. Parcela significativa dos ACS apresentou conhecimento satisfatório sobre tuberculose e esse conhecimento esteve associado às práticas adequadas. Esse resultado sugere a necessidade de investimentos em ações de capacitação que podem contribuir para a melhoria dos indicadores de tuberculose no município.


Abstract This article analyses the knowledge, attitudes and practices of community health agents (CHAs) regarding tuberculosis in Recife, a municipality with a high incidence of tuberculosis and high treatment dropout rates in Brazil. The cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of CHAs and a standardized questionnaire. The frequencies of the variables related to knowledge, attitudes and practices were described, and the association between satisfactory knowledge and appropriate practices of CHAs was analysed. Of the 401 eligible CHAs, 385 (96.0%) were interviewed. The majority were women (87.5%) aged ≥ 40 years (66.0%) and had been on the job for more than nine years (74.5%). A large percentage (61.7%) had satisfactory knowledge about tuberculosis, and this knowledge (75.8%) was associated with appropriate practices (p = 0.008). Regarding attitudes, 97.1% of CHAs were believed to be at risk of contracting tuberculosis, and 53.2% attributed this risk to their job. The results suggest the need for investment in training actions that may help improve tuberculosis indicators in the municipality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/therapy , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Community Health Services/organization & administration , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Health Personnel/standards , Middle Aged
10.
Clinics ; 74: e1005, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039574

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of exercise testing alterations in middle-aged women without symptoms of heart disease and to verify the associations of functional capacity and heart rate behavior during and after exercise with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 509 asymptomatic women aged between 46 and 65 years who underwent clinical evaluations and exercise testing (Bruce protocol). The heart rate behavior was evaluated by the maximal predicted heart rate achieved, chronotropic index and recovery heart rate. RESULTS: The mean age was 56.4±4.8 years, and 13.4% of the patients had a Framingham risk score above 10%. In the exercise treadmill testing, 58.0% presented one or more of the following alterations (listed in order of ascending prevalence): symptoms (angina, dyspnea, and dizziness), ST-segment depression, arrhythmia, reduction in recovery heart rate of ≤12 bpm at 1 minute, altered maximal predicted heart rate achieved, abnormal blood pressure, functional capacity deficiency, and altered chronotropic index. In the multivariate analysis, the following associations (odds ratio) were observed for these alterations: chronotropic index was associated with obesity (2.08) and smoking (4.47); maximal predicted heart rate achieved was associated with smoking (6.45); reduction in the recovery heart rate at 1 minute was associated with age (1.09) and obesity (2.78); functional capacity was associated with age (0.92), an overweight status (2.29) and obesity (6.51). CONCLUSIONS: More than half of middle-aged women without cardiovascular symptoms present alterations in one or more exercise testing parameters. Alterations in the functional capacity or heart rate behavior, as verified by exercise testing, are associated with age, smoking, an overweight status and obesity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Exercise/physiology , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Exercise Test , Heart Rate/physiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors
11.
Cad. Ibero Am. Direito Sanit. (Impr.) ; 7(2): 173-186, abr./jun. 2018. Ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-988348

ABSTRACT

Este artigo objetivou analisar a judicialização do acesso aos serviços de saúde na Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Pernambuco no ano de 2016. Métodos: Tratou-se de estudo transversal, quantitativo e analítico com dados do Núcleo de Ações Judiciais da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Pernambuco em 2016. As variáveis foram: o produto; o estabelecimento de atendimento; CID-10; municípios da comarca; município de residência; sexo; grupo do produto e condutor da ação. Resultados: Dos 2.560 processos, os medicamentos corresponderam a 63,5% das ações. 42% das demandas concentraram-se na 1a Região de Saúde; 39,3% e 31,5% foram provenientes de unidades públicas de saúde e filantrópicas, respectivamente. Os dados corroboram com achados da literatura quanto ao item mais demandado judicialmente e à tendência de concentração em regiões metropolitanas. Difere quanto à natureza do órgão demandante por ter sido neste caso o próprio poder público e as unidades de saúde pública. Conclusões: Incorporar os objetos das demandas judiciais na oferta regular dos serviços de saúde pode contribuir para a redução de processos e aumentar o acesso dos cidadãos aos direitos legais. Em alguns casos, garantir o cumprimento das normas já editadas favorece a tendência de diminuição da judicialização, sendo necessário para esta análise os estudos longitudinais. (AU)


This article aimed to analyze the judicialization of access to health services in the State Department of Health of Pernambuco in the year 2016. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, quantitative and analytical study with data from the Judicial Actions Center of the State Health Secretariat of Pernambuco in 2016. The variables were: the product; the establishment of care; ICD-10; municipalities of the region; municipality of residence; sex; product group and action driver. Results: Of the 2,560 cases, the medications corresponded to 63.5% of the actions. 42% of the demands were concentrated in the 1st Health Region; 39.3% and 31.5% came from public health and philanthropic units, respectively. The data corroborate with findings from the literature regarding the item most sued in court and the trend of concentration in metropolitan regions. It differs as to the nature of the complainant organ because in this case it was the public authority itself and the public health units. Conclusions: Incorporating the objects of lawsuits into the regular provision of health services can contribute to the reduction of processes and increase citizens' access to legal rights. In some cases, ensuring compliance with the standards already published favors the tendency to decrease the judicialization, being necessary for this analysis the longitudinal studies. (AU)


Objetivo: Este artículo objetivó analizar la judicialización del acceso a los servicios de salud en la Secretaría Estatal de Salud de Pernambuco en el año 2016. Metodología: Se trató de estudio transversal, cuantitativo y analítico con datos del Núcleo de Acciones Judiciales de la Secretaría Estatal de Salud de Pernambuco en 2016. Las variables fueron: el producto; el establecimiento de atención; ICD-10; municipios de la comarca; municipio de residencia; el sexo; grupo del producto y conductor de la acción. Resultados: De los 2.560 procesos, los medicamentos correspondieron al 63,5% de las acciones. El 42% de las demandas se concentró en la 1ª Región de Salud; 39,3% y 31,5% provenían de unidades públicas de salud y filantrópicas, respectivamente. Discusión: Los datos corroboran con hallazgos de la literatura en cuanto al ítem más demandado judicialmente ya la tendencia de concentración en regiones metropolitanas. Difiere en cuanto a la naturaleza del órgano demandante por haber sido en este caso el propio poder público y las unidades de salud pública. Conclusiones: Incorporar los objetos de las demandas judiciales en la oferta regular de los servicios de salud puede contribuir a la reducción de procesos y aumentar el acceso de los ciudadanos a los derechos legales. En algunos casos, garantizar el cumplimiento de las normas ya editadas favorece la tendencia de disminución de la judicialización, siendo necesario para este análisis los estudios longitudinales. (AU)


Subject(s)
Health Expenditures , Judicial Decisions , Health's Judicialization/legislation & jurisprudence
12.
Cad. Ibero Am. Direito Sanit. (Impr.) ; 7(2): 173-186, abr.-jun.2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1046901

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Este artigo objetivou analisar a judicialização do acesso aos serviços de saúde na Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Pernambuco no ano de 2016. Métodos: Tratou-se de estudo transversal, quantitativo e analítico com dados do Núcleo de Ações Judiciais da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Pernambuco em 2016. As variáveis foram: o produto; o estabelecimento de atendimento; CID-10; municípios da comarca; município de residência; sexo; grupo do produto e condutor da ação. Resultados: Dos 2.560 processos, os medicamentos corresponderam a 63,5% das ações. 42% das demandas concentraram-se na 1ª Região de Saúde; 39,3% e 31,5% foram provenientes de unidades públicas de saúde e filantrópicas, respectivamente. Os dados corroboram com achados da literatura quanto ao item mais demandado judicialmente e à tendência de concentração em regiões metropolitanas. Difere quanto à natureza do órgão demandante por ter sido neste caso o próprio poder público e as unidades de saúde pública. Conclusões: Incorporar os objetos das demandas judiciais na oferta regular dos serviços de saúde pode contribuir para a redução de processos e aumentar o acesso dos cidadãos aos direitos legais. Em alguns casos, garantir o cumprimento das normas já editadas favorece a tendência de diminuição da judicialização, sendo necessário para esta análise os estudos longitudinais.


Objective: This article aimed to analyze the judicialization of access to health services in the State Department of Health of Pernambuco in the year 2016. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, quantitative and analytical study with data from the Judicial Actions Center of the State Health Secretariat of Pernambuco in 2016. The variables were: the product; the establishment of care; ICD-10; municipalities of the region; municipality of residence; sex; product group and action driver. Results: Of the 2,560 cases, the medications corresponded to 63.5% of the actions. 42% of the demands were concentrated in the 1st Health Region; 39.3% and 31.5% came from public health and philanthropic units, respectively. The data corroborate with findings from the literature regarding the item most sued in court and the trend of concentration in metropolitan regions. It differs as to the nature of the complainant organ because in this case it was the public authority itself and the public health units. Conclusions: Incorporating the objects of lawsuits into the regular provision of health services can contribute to the reduction of processes and increase citizens' access to legal rights. In some cases, ensuring compliance with the standards already published favors the tendency to decrease the judicialization, being necessary for this analysis the longitudinal studies.


Objetivo: Este artículo objetivó analizar la judicialización del acceso a los servicios de salud en la Secretaría Estatal de Salud de Pernambuco en el año 2016. Metodología: Se trató de estudio transversal, cuantitativo y analítico con datos del Núcleo de Acciones Judiciales de la Secretaría Estatal de Salud de Pernambuco en 2016. Las variables fueron: el producto; el establecimiento de atención; ICD-10; municipios de la comarca; municipio de residencia; el sexo; grupo del producto y conductor de la acción. Resultados: De los 2.560 procesos, los medicamentos correspondieron al 63,5% de las acciones. El 42% de las demandas se concentró en la 1ª Región de Salud; 39,3% y 31,5% provenían de unidades públicas de salud y filantrópicas, respectivamente. Discusión: Los datos corroboran con hallazgos de la literatura en cuanto al ítem más demandado judicialmente ya la tendencia de concentración en regiones metropolitanas. Difiere en cuanto a la naturaleza del órgano demandante por haber sido en este caso el propio poder público y las unidades de salud pública. Conclusiones: Incorporar los objetos de las demandas judiciales en la oferta regular de los servicios de salud puede contribuir a la reducción de procesos y aumentar el acceso de los ciudadanos a los derechos legales. En algunos casos, garantizar el cumplimiento de las normas ya editadas favorece la tendencia de disminución de la judicialización, siendo necesario para este análisis los estudios longitudinales.

13.
Mental (Barbacena, Impr.) ; 12(22): 35-52, jan.-jun. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-894981

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) e sua associação com a sobrecarga em cuidadores familiares de idosos. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo de caráter transversal, com amostra de conveniência, no qual foram analisados 73 cuidadores familiares de idosos atendidos no ambulatório de Geriatria de um hospital público da Rede Estadual de Saúde de Pernambuco. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário sociodemográfico, elaborado para a presente pesquisa e do Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), instrumento desenvolvido para a identificação de TMC, já validado para a realidade brasileira. O último instrumento utilizado foi a escala Zarit Burden Interview, validada no Brasil para avaliar a sobrecarga do cuidador. Resultados: Dos 73 cuidadores familiares de idosos, 26 foram classificados com TMC, o que corresponde a uma prevalência de 35,6%. Quanto ao nível de sobrecarga desses cuidadores, 43,8% tinham sobrecarga de leve a moderada, 41,1% não apresentaram sobrecarga, enquanto que 13,7% foram classificados com sobrecarga de moderada à severa e apenas um cuidador (1,4%) apresentava nível de sobrecarga severa. Conclusão: A associação entre TMC do cuidador familiar e a sobrecarga no cuidado do idoso foi estatisticamente significante (p = 0,000), observando-se que a frequência de TMC entre os cuidadores sem sobrecarga foi de 13,3%, enquanto que a frequência de TMC entre aqueles que tinham um nível de leve a moderado de sobrecarga foi de 37,5% e, entre os cuidadores com nível de sobrecarga moderada à severa, quase a totalidade (90,9%) tinha TMC.


Objective: This study aims to analyze the prevalence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) associated with the burden placed on family caregivers of elderly. Methods: Descriptive epidemiologic study from transverse nature, with convenience sample, in which were analyzed 73 family caregivers of elderly treated at Geriatric ambulatory from public hospital in Pernambuco healthy state network. The data were collected through sociodemographic questionnaire, drawn up for this research and Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), instrument developed to the identification of CMD, validated to Brazilian reality. And the last instrument used was Zarit Burden Interview scale, validated on Brazil to evaluated overload of caregivers. Results: At 73 family caregivers of elderly, 26 were classifieds with CMD, which correspond to a prevalence of 35.6%. About the level of overload, 43.8% had mild to moderated overload, 41.1% did not report overload, while 13.7% were classified with overload moderated to heavy; and just one caregiver (1.4%) present heavy level of overload. Conclusion: The association between caregiver’s CMD and the overload on elderly cares were statically significant (p = 0,000), observing that the frequency of CMD between those had a mild to moderated overload level were 37.5% and between the caregivers with moderated to heavy level of overload, almost the total (90.9%) had CMD.


Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia de los Trastornos Mentales Comunes (TMC) asociados con la sobrecarga de cuidadores familiares de ancianos. Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico descriptivo de la transversal, con muestra de conveniencia, que analizó 73 cuidadores familiares de ancianos asistidas en geriatría clínica de un hospital público de Pernambuco de la Red de Salud del Estado. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un cuestionario sociodemográfico desarrollado para este estudio y auto-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), un instrumento desarrollado para la identificación de los CMD, ya validados para la realidad brasileña. Y el último instrumento utilizado fue la escala de Zarit Burden Interview, validado en Brasil para evaluar la sobrecarga del cuidador. Resultados: De los 73 cuidadores familiares de ancianos, 26 se clasificaron como TMC, que corresponde a una prevalencia del 35,6%. En cuanto al nivel de la sobrecarga de estos cuidadores, un 43,8% tenían de leve a moderada sobrecarga, 41,1% no mostró ninguna sobrecarga, mientras que el 13,7% fue clasificado con moderada a severa sobrecarga y solo un cuidador (1,4%) tenían nivel de sobrecarga severa. Conclusión: La asociación entre TMC del cuidador familiar y la sobrecarga para el cuidado de ancianos fue estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,000), y señaló que la frecuencia TMC entre los cuidadores sin sobrecarga fue del 13,3%, mientras que la frecuencia de TMC entre los que tenían un nivel de leve a moderada sobrecarga fue del 37,5% y entre los cuidadores con nivel moderado de los gastos generales a grave, casi todos (90,9%) tenían TMC.

14.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 50(6): 937-945, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-842696

ABSTRACT

Abstract OBJECTIVE Identifying factors associated with glycemic control in people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) registered in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Pernambuco, Brazil. METHOD Associations between glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin A lower or equal to 7%) presented by people with DM and variables related to sociodemographic conditions, lifestyle, characteristics of diabetes, treatment and follow-up of patients by health services were investigated by multiple regression. RESULTS More than 65% of the participants presented inadequate glycemic control, especially those with lower age, longer illness duration, more annual contacts with FHS and complex therapeutic regimen. People with DM without referrals to specialists presented greater glycemic control. Associations with education level and obesity did not remain significant in the multivariate model. CONCLUSION The evolution of diabetes hinders adequate control, however, attention to younger people with DM and referrals to specialists are factors that can improve glycemic control.


Resumen OBJETIVO Identificar los factores asociados con el control glucémico en personas con Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipo 2 registradas en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) en Pernambuco, Brasil. MÉTODO Fueron investigadas, por regresión múltiple, las asociaciones entre el control glucémico (hemoglobina A glicosilada menor o mayor o igual al 7%) presentado por las personas con DM y variables relacionadas con condiciones sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida, características de la diabetes, de su tratamiento y seguimiento de los pacientes por los servicios sanitarios. RESULTADOS Más del 65% de los participantes presentaron control glucémico inadecuado, especialmente aquellos de menos edad, duración de la enfermedad más larga, más contactos anuales con la ESF y régimen terapéutico complejo. Personas con DM sin derivaciones a especialistas presentaron un mayor descontrol glucémico. Asociaciones con escolaridad y obesidad no permanecieron significativas en el modelo multivariado. CONCLUSIÓN La evolución de la diabetes dificulta el control adecuado. Sin embargo, la atención a las personas con DM más jóvenes y las derivaciones a especialistas son factores susceptibles de mejora del control glucémico.


Resumo OBJETIVO Identificar fatores associados ao controle glicêmico em pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipo 2 cadastradas na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em Pernambuco, Brasil. MÉTODO Foram investigadas, por regressão múltipla, as associações entre o controle glicêmico (hemoglobina A glicosilada menor ou maior ou igual a 7%) apresentado pelas pessoas com DM e variáveis relacionadas com condições sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida, características do diabetes, de seu tratamento e acompanhamento dos pacientes pelos serviços de saúde. RESULTADOS Mais de 65% dos participantes apresentaram controle glicêmico inadequado, principalmente aqueles com idade menor, duração da doença mais longa, mais contatos anuais com a ESF e regime terapêutico complexo. Pessoas com DM sem encaminhamentos para especialistas apresentaram um maior descontrole glicêmico. Associações com escolaridade e obesidade não permaneceram significativas no modelo multivariado. CONCLUSÃO A evolução do diabetes dificulta o controle adequado, todavia, a atenção às pessoas com DM mais jovens e os encaminhamentos para especialistas são fatores suscetíveis de melhora do controle glicêmico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Blood Glucose/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy , Brazil , Family Health , Cross-Sectional Studies
15.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 45(5): 616-619, Sept.-Oct. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-656218

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Operational classification of leprosy based on the number of skin lesions was conceived to screen patients presenting severe forms of the disease to enable their reception of a more intense multidrug regimen without having to undergo lymph smear testing. We evaluated the concordance between operational classification and bacilloscopy to define multibacillary and paucibacillary leprosy. METHODS: We selected 1,213 records of individuals with leprosy, who were untreated (new cases) and admitted to a dermatology clinic in Recife, Brazil, from 2000 to 2005, and who underwent bacteriological examination at diagnosis for ratification of the operational classification. RESULTS: Compared to bacilloscopy, operational classification demonstrated 88.6% sensitivity, 76.9% specificity, a positive predictive value of 61.8%, and a negative predictive value of 94.1%, with 80% accuracy and a moderate kappa index. Among the bacilloscopy-negative cases, 23% had more than 5 skin lesions. Additionally, 11% of the bacilloscopy-positive cases had up to 5 lesions, which would have led to multibacillary cases being treated as paucibacillary leprosy if the operational classification had not been confirmed by bacilloscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Operational classification has limitations that are more obvious in borderline cases, suggesting that in these cases, lymph smear testing is advisable to enable the selection of true multibacillary cases for more intense treatment, thereby contributing to minimization of resistant strain selection and possible relapse.


INTRODUÇÃO: A classificação operacional da hanseníase baseada no número de lesões de pele foi concebida para selecionar pacientes que apresentam formas graves da doença para receber regime terapêutico mais intenso com múltiplas drogas sem o exame de baciloscopia da linfa. Nós avaliamos a concordância entre a classificação operacional e a baciloscopia para a definição de hanseníase multibacilar e paucibacilar. MÉTODOS: Nós selecionamos 1.213 registros de indivíduos com hanseníase não tratada (casos novos), atendidos em um Ambulatório de Dermatologia, em Recife, Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2005, que foram submetidos a exame bacteriológico ao diagnóstico para a ratificação da classificação operacional. RESULTADOS: Comparando com a baciloscopia, a classificação operacional baseada no número de lesões cutâneas mostrou sensibilidade de 88,6%, especificidade 76,9%, valor preditivo positivo de 61,8% e valor preditivo negativo de 94,1%, com uma precisão de 80% e um moderado índice kappa. Entre os casos com baciloscopia negativa, 23% tinham mais de cinco lesões de pele, recebendo um tratamento mais intensivo. Além disso, 11% dos casos baciloscopia positiva tinham até cinco lesões, o que induziriam casos multibacilares de serem tratados com hanseníase paucibacilar se a classificação operacional não tivesse sido confirmada pela baciloscopia. CONCLUSÕES: Concluímos que a classificação operacional tem limitações mais visíveis nos casos borderline, sugerindo que, nestes casos, o esfregaço seria aconselhável por permitir que os verdadeiros casos multibacilares fossem selecionados para um tratamento mais intenso, contribuindo para minimizar a seleção de cepas resistentes e uma possível recidiva.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Bacteriological Techniques/methods , Leprosy, Multibacillary/microbiology , Leprosy, Paucibacillary/microbiology , Mycobacterium leprae/isolation & purification , Neglected Diseases/microbiology , Skin/microbiology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Leprosy, Multibacillary/classification , Leprosy, Paucibacillary/classification , Neglected Diseases/classification , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity
16.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 16(1): 1-8, Jan.-Feb. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-614542

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of ischemic heart disease is higher in patients with HIV/AIDS. However, the frequency of angina pectoris in these patients is still not known. Literature about this subject is still scarce. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of angina pectoris and risk factors for coronary disease and to examine the association between traditional risk factors and HIV-related risk factors and angina pectoris. METHOD: An epidemiological cross-sectional study, analyzed as case-control study, involving 584 patients with HIV/AIDS. Angina pectoris was identified by Rose questionnaire, classified as definite or possible. Information regarding risk factors was obtained through a questionnaire, biochemical laboratory tests, medical records and anthropometric measures taken during consultations at AIDS treatment clinics in Pernambuco, Brazil, from June 2007 to February 2008. To adjust the effect of each factor in relation to others, multiple logistic regression was used. RESULTS: There was a preponderance of men (63.2 percent); mean ages were 39.8 years for men, 36.8 years for women. The prevalence of definite and possible angina were 11 percent and 9.4 percent, respectively, totaling 20.4 percent, with independent associations between angina and smoking (OR = 2.88; 95 percent CI: 1.69-4.90), obesity (OR = 1.62; 95 percent CI: 0.97-2.70), family history of heart attack (OR = 1.70; 95 percent CI: 1.00-2.88), low schooling (OR = 2.11; 95 percent CI: 1.24-3.59), and low monthly income (OR = 2.93; 95 percent CI: 1.18-7.22), even after adjustment for age. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that angina pectoris is underdiagnosed, even in patients with medical monitoring, revealing lost opportunities in identification and prevention of cardiovascular morbidity.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Angina Pectoris/epidemiology , Angina Pectoris/etiology , HIV Infections/complications , Age Distribution , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Brazil/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Risk Factors
17.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(6): 735-739, Nov.-Dec. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-611756

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Leptospirosis is often mistaken for other acute febrile illnesses because of its nonspecific presentation. Bacteriologic, serologic, and molecular methods have several limitations for early diagnosis: technical complexity, low availability, low sensitivity in early disease, or high cost. This study aimed to validate a case definition, based on simple clinical and laboratory tests, that is intended for bedside diagnosis of leptospirosis among hospitalized patients. METHODS: Adult patients, admitted to two reference hospitals in Recife, Brazil, with a febrile illness of less than 21 days and with a clinical suspicion of leptospirosis, were included to test a case definition comprising ten clinical and laboratory criteria. Leptospirosis was confirmed or excluded by a composite reference standard (microscopic agglutination test, ELISA, and blood culture). Test properties were determined for each cutoff number of the criteria from the case definition. RESULTS: Ninety seven patients were included; 75 had confirmed leptospirosis and 22 did not. Mean number of criteria from the case definition that were fulfilled was 7.8±1.2 for confirmed leptospirosis and 5.9±1.5 for non-leptospirosis patients (p<0.0001). Best sensitivity (85.3 percent) and specificity (68.2 percent) combination was found with a cutoff of 7 or more criteria, reaching positive and negative predictive values of 90.1 percent and 57.7 percent, respectively; accuracy was 81.4 percent. CONCLUSIONS: The case definition, for a cutoff of at least 7 criteria, reached average sensitivity and specificity, but with a high positive predictive value. Its simplicity and low cost make it useful for rapid bedside leptospirosis diagnosis in Brazilian hospitalized patients with acute severe febrile disease.


INTRODUÇÃO: Por sua apresentação clínica inespecífica, a leptospirose é frequentemente confundida com outras doenças febris agudas. Métodos bacteriológicos, sorológicos e moleculares apresentam limitações para o diagnóstico precoce: complexidade técnica, baixa disponibilidade, insensibilidade na doença precoce, ou alto custo. Este estudo objetivou validar uma definição de caso, baseada em dados clínicos e laboratoriais simples, destinada ao diagnóstico da leptospirose em pacientes hospitalizados. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos pacientes adultos, admitidos em 2 hospitais de referência no Recife, com doença febril de até 21 dias e suspeita clínica de leptospirose, para testar uma definição de caso contendo 10 critérios clínico-laboratoriais. Leptospirose foi confirmada ou afastada por uma combinação de teste de aglutinação microscópica, ELISA e hemoculturas. Foram determinadas as propriedades do teste, para cada número de critérios da definição de caso preenchidos. RESULTADOS: Incluíram-se 97 pacientes, 75 com leptospirose e 22 negativos para a doença. O número médio de critérios da definição de caso preenchidos foi 7,8±1,2 e 5,9±1,5, respectivamente (p < 0,0001). A melhor combinação de sensibilidade (85,3 por cento) e especificifidade (68,2 por cento) foi obtida com a presença de 7 ou mais critérios, atingindo valores preditivos positivo de 90,1 por cento e negativo de 57,7 por cento, e acurácia 81,4 por cento. CONCLUSÕES: A definição de caso proposta, com um ponto de corte de pelo menos 7 critérios presentes, alcançou sensibilidade e especificidade moderadas, mas um elevado valor preditivo positivo. Sua simplicidade e o baixo custo tornam-na útil para o diagnóstico rápido da leptospirose à beira do leito, em pacientes brasileiros hospitalizados com doença aguda febril grave.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Fever/etiology , Leptospirosis/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Agglutination Tests , Cross Infection/microbiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Leptospirosis/complications , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity
18.
Cad. saúde pública ; 26(9): 1693-1704, set. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-558786

ABSTRACT

Um inquérito de base populacional foi conduzido na população urbana de todas as capitais e do Distrito Federal no Brasil para fornecer informações sobre a prevalência de hepatites virais e fatores de risco, entre 2005 e 2009. Este artigo descreve o delineamento e a metodologia do estudo que envolveu a população com idade entre 5 e 19 anos para hepatite A e 10 a 69 anos para hepatite B e C. As entrevistas e amostras de sangue foram obtidas através de visitas domiciliares e a amostra selecionada a partir de uma amostragem estratificada em múltiplos estágios (por conglomerado) com igual probabilidade para cada domínio de estudo (região e faixa etária). Nacionalmente, 19.280 residências e ~31.000 indivíduos foram selecionados. O tamanho da amostra foi suficiente para detectar uma prevalência em torno de 0,1 por cento e para avaliar os fatores de risco por região. A metodologia apresentou-se viável para distinguir entre diferentes padrões epidemiológicos da hepatite A, B e C. Estes dados serão de valia para a avaliação das políticas de vacinação e para o desenho de estratégias de controle.


A population-based survey to provide information on the prevalence of hepatitis viral infection and the pattern of risk factors was carried out in the urban population of all Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District, between 2005 and 2009. This paper describes the design and methodology of the study which involved a population aged 5 to 19 for hepatitis A and 10 to 69 for hepatitis B and C. Interviews and blood samples were obtained through household visits. The sample was selected using stratified multi-stage cluster sampling and was drawn with equal probability from each domain of study (region and age-group). Nationwide, 19,280 households and ~31,000 residents were selected. The study is large enough to detect prevalence of viral infection around 0.1 percent and risk factor assessments within each region. The methodology seems to be a viable way of differentiating between distinct epidemiological patterns of hepatitis A, B and C. These data will be of value for the evaluation of vaccination policies and for the design of control program strategies.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Young Adult , Hepatitis A/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Population Surveillance/methods , Brazil/epidemiology , Cluster Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Young Adult
19.
Rev. para. med ; 17(4): 12-17, out.-dez. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-391522

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Verrugas são doenças infeciosas causdas por vírus denominados, genericamente, por HPV (papilomavírus humanos). A freqüência de verrugas virais na população geral é de 10 por cento. Diversos trabalhos têm mostrado que o estado de imunossupressão, entre outros fatores contribui para o desenvolvimento das verrugas. Pacientes transplantados renais, submetidos a imunossupressão prolongada apresentam risco maior de desenvolverem verrugas o que varia em função do tempo de transplnate. Objetivo: Determinar a freqüência de verrugas em pacientes transplantados renais, acompanhados no serviço de transplante do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, no período de outubro de 2001 a maio de 2002. Método: Foram submetidos à entrevista para preenchimento do questionário de pesquisa e ao exame dermatológico, 139 pacientes transplantados renais, de ambos os sexos e todas as idades. Resultados: Verrugas virais foram encontradas em 44,5por cento da população de transplantados renais, sendo localizados principalmente em áreas fotoexpostas. Destes 70,5por cento eram do sexo masculino com associação significativa (p=0,01). Quando se relacionou o tempo de transplante com a presença de verrugas, foi observado um aumento significativo no grupo etário com mais de 5 anos de transplante (p=0,001). Conclusão: A freqüência de verrugas virais foi alta nos transplantados renais em relação à população geral. Desta forma, fica evidenciado a importância do acompanhamento dermatológico periódico desses pacientes, devido ao estado de imunossupressão, à infecção pelo HPV e a fatores ambientais, como as radiações solares, que juntos poderão favorecer a possível transformação maligna das lesões


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Warts , Kidney Transplantation
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